A particular sub-category I believe to be particularly important is the language education sector. Language is the most powerful tool we can use to be free, in every sense. Without it, it is impossible to communicate, to get what we want, to reach an important goal. The political aims of modern languages in the EU are to equip every citizen to face challenges deriving from international mobility and to promote respect, tolerance and reciprocal comprehension amongst different cultures. This allows the collective to see, preserve, and increase the European cultural life as well as avoid the marginalization of people who do not have the tools to communicate with another effectively.

It is a delicate topic and is usually quite underestimated. When approaching and learning a new language, it is important to take into consideration what kind of motivation the person has in doing it. to have a good learning experience, an individual must have the motivation to learn it. These different types of motivation can be divided into four types: intrinsic, extrinsic, integrative, instrumental. The intrinsic reason comes from the individual. For instance, if the motivation is intrinsic it will typically concern a passion or hobby and thus, make it the most powerful form of motivation. The second one, extrinsic, is due to external factors. The third one, integrative, concerns the willingness or necessity of being integrated into the community. The last one, instrumental, refers to educational or professional aims.

Of course, if someone does not have any form of motivation, it is impossible to learn a new language and achieve the goal. Learning a language also means having a tool that is considered useful in reaching purposes, expressing a social role, proving belonging in a community, expressing culture, and elaborating on ways of thinking and feeling.

Based on documents known as the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the EU is particularly known for the diversity in languages as there are 62 official languages. Due to this, there are efforts to preserve such languages and make sure that the civil, political, and social rights of the EU citizens are met and upheld. Especially, two articles refer to languages: art. 21 (aiming the non-discrimination) and art. 22 (aiming the cultural, religious and linguistic diversity).

A huge contribution to the language learning path was given by the establishment of a Threshold Level by the Modern Language Project (1967). It offered a clear list of functions and notions a person should have to “survive” in a foreign country. This move stimulated the creation of a more organized and described organization of learning: the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR – the 1990s). It displays a bigger range of levels, with the base (A1 and A2), the intermediate (B1 and B2) and the advanced ones (C1 and C2). Therefore, it is a transparent list of functions and notions more or less the same for all the EU. It helps the cooperation of various institutions to identify the level a person from a foreign country has.

Bibliography:

• Consiglio d’Europa, “Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento per le lingue: apprendimento, insegnamento, valutazione”. La Nuova Italia, 2002.

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Among the many different shapes, colours and patterns a collection can host, this year the National Football League campaign proposed Pepsi to collaborate with Dapper Dan. The newborn capsule collection is inspired by the brand and its iconic blue. the products in this unique line range from hoodies to bucket hats, each resembling a Pepsi can.

The recent show from this year took place from the 8th to the 12th of September. However, due to COVID-19 regulations, this concerned the health of those who attended. To participate at the most important show, it was mandatory to be fully vaccinated, wear masks and, be in rooms where the capacity was reduced.

Even with these restrictions in place, the atmosphere was similar to that of the pre-COVID-19 Fashion Week and there is the confidence that the future ones will continue to outdo the previous one.’ During this fashion show, the audience was shown the Spring-Summer 2022 collection. A real change, a throwback, a new start after the pandemic. Surely, the fashion sector has been influenced very much by the pandemic and lockdowns.

Think about the days spent in lockdown where the same outfits were worn, not necessarily the nicest, but the casual loungewear that seemed to be routine. The New York Fashion Show allows us to feel the elegance of suits, dresses, and so on as we try to build up confidence and transition to ‘normal life’ before COVID-19.

In addition, one of the partners of NYFW is Alo Yoga. How many of you began to practice yoga during lockdowns? Here we are a Yoga brand as a partner. The brand offered a series of yoga and meditation classes at this month’s New York Fashion Week

In conclusion, this fashion week brought changes and showed the way our lives got transformed.

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The Vault aims to preserve main food crops such as rice, corn, potatoes, apples, and so on so that there will not be a food shortage in the future. That is to say that this “bank” preserve many different seeds to keep the diversity. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is owned by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Kingdom of Norway but it is a worldwide service. It is supported by the main international institutions such as FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). But how is it structured? This bank is located in a mountain and divided into three main rooms. there are more than one million seeds that are all stored at a chilling temperate of -18°C.

Has this bank already been used? Yes. The bank was used for the first time in 2015 due to Syria’s civil war. The nation requested more than 100 boxes and after using what they needed, returned the seeds and boxes to the Svalbard Global Seed Vault after two years.

Due to global warming, there is an effort to raise funds to make the Svalbard Global Seed Vault more durable against the challenges global warming presents. The goal is to make the building waterproof and ensure that the electricity will be constant so that the seeds are safe and in a suitable environment.

Of course, it is a quite important activity. Another seed bank is the Millennium Seed Bank Project located in Wakehurst Place West Sussex, with the same goals. It is considered the biggest seed bank in the world with over 2.4 billion seeds from around the world. Since 2000, it has had contributions from 97 countries.

We can feel a bit more relaxed now that we know that someone is thinking about our future plants and nutrition. So, are you still thinking that money is the most important thing in the world?

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Usually, it is handmade by a local Pugliese artisan who passed on the traditions of the ceramic craft. There are two versions of Pumo. The one we are used to seeing all around that is more plain and simple; that one was used in town flats or houses, otherwise, another one recalls a pinecone and it was used in country houses. Many years ago, Pumo was used only to decorate rich people houses as handrails.

That is to say, this little sprout was considered a luxury thing. History may recall the Roman goddess of fruitful abundance, Pomona. Her name means “fruit” in Latin. Therefore, this ceramic sprout could have symbolised regeneration, fertility and wealth. Of course, there are many dimensions and new shapes the artisans created: the one with the nativity scene inside for example.

Nowadays this little and colourful symbol became more touristic than traditional. Having many people requesting it as a souvenir. It is a sign of Grottaglie, a small town in Taranto that is quite famous for its mini-sculptures. However, Grottaglie is famous in general for ceramic sculptures, amphorae, pumi and plates. There is a specific neighbourhood that is called “Ceramic neighbourhood” where there are many little shops of the different families that work with ceramic.

Today, it is not considered a luxury anymore and it is bought by many tourists all around the world. The main point to take into consideration is to get the real and handcrafted pumo, having access to the long history and tradition of this population.

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This is a good solution for many reasons: health, Earth and saves money.

First, by using this kind of solution there will not be any woman allergic to synthetic ingredients, fragrances and plastics like in disposable because they are mainly produced in cotton. Therefore they are hypoallergenic. In addition, the use of chemical products in disposable paths can lead to the production of a very dangerous substance which is dioxin. The latter can cause health problems as reproductive, developmental, immunological and glandular effects.

Second, consider that each woman generates around 123 kg of menstrual waste. And each of them takes around 800 years to degrade. Therefore, solutions as such are the best way to avoid the use of useless waste.

Third, consider that the average a woman spends on disposable pads per year is around 22£, the washable solution is far from being expensive. They last more or less 75 washes and to get them the amount is around 40£ per four years.

Many brands have been converted to this more eco-friendly solution. One of them that I would like to talk about is “Ecofemme”. It is an Indian project made to empower women in difficulty. By buying their washing pads, you can support the holistic menstrual health education to girls and women from the Indian low-class, provide a living wage for rural women and of course choose an eco-friendly way to face out that specific period.

And last but not least, what product for a woman better done than the one made by women for women?

It is a very interesting and important project that in its simplicity can lead to the spread of culture and to the magnificent feeling of knowing that you are doing the right thing to help whatever surrounds us.

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